Products

LO: To Record a response to consideration

LO: To analyse and note what products the rough guide is similar to

- Develop ideas and orignate designs for print-based media products

Newspaper Printing and Magazine Printing

Newspaper

In the modern newspaper printing process these days is now a cold type, which is a offset printing method used to produce high volumes of printed material at a low cost. 
Printing cycle begins with a computerized desktop publishing version, this includes the whole edition which is transferred, page for page, to a photographic etching station that produces aluminum positive plates of each page. Then these plates are inked and mounted on a specialized press in such a way that they transfer the image to a set of rubber rollers, which then in turn, transfers the image to the paper.Usage of the roller images make a transfer that processes gently onto the paper and ensures high out-put of quality. Most of the newspapers presses are large machines combining all of the steps of the printing, cutting and assembly process into one unit.

With the older the newspaper printing techniques, they were based on dated hot type, or Linotype, processes.
These were very slow, costly and incredibly labour intensive, which did nothing towards the productivity of newspaper publishers, certainly during the 1970s that where in demand for newspapers which began to grow rapidly. The course of the newspaper printing industry started to shift, to a more efficient cold type process which are quicker and cheaper. The average contemporary newspaper printing, has a process which is an evolutionary product of those early offset printing developments and is, almost exclusively, a cold type, photographic etching technique.

The most current newspaper printing process installations consist of a large complex single pass machines, which often then occupy several floors in a facility and can cost over £30.5 million as of 2011. These machines print, cut and assemble the entire newspaper with a single pass, (from continuous runs of newsprint) often producing up to 70,000 copies per hour. Newsprint is a fairly delicate paper, the machines and their internal processes are all geared-up towards gentle treatment of the paper during processing.

Commonly newspaper printing process, starts with the compiling of the entire edition on a desktop publishing computer program. Now from there, the completed edition is sent to the plate-making section, where each page is turned into a photographic positive, on a thin aluminum plate. These plates are then mounted in the press and inked with a rub-off resistant soy-based inks. Those pages hat are in black, are only require a single plate, however colour photographs and print would need separate plates for the colour elements. The mounted plates are positioned so the sets of rubber rollers pass across their surfaces during printing.

The rollers pick-up the image from the plates and transfer it to newsprint. This process is a lot gentler than pressing the plates against the paper, ensuring an excellent output result. The facing pages are printed in a sequence and passed to a different section of the machine that cuts and assembles the edition, completing the newspaper printing process. When completed, the newspapers are then bathed and released for distribution.

Magazine

First, writers, editors and designers participate in the creative process­. The printers take that creative work and turn it into the publications you read every day, its a fascinating process involving huge high-speed machines, 2,000-pound rolls of paper, computers, metal plates, rubber blankets and sharp knives.
Offset lithography, the most commonly used printing process, and detail the three production steps: pre-press, press run and bindery. 

This will show a following of a publication of a new magazine, "How Stuff Works Express", from start to finish.

The Creative Process

Every print piece starts with the creative process. Writers, editors, graphic designers and artists are the initial step in the creation of magazines, newspapers, brochures, flyers, catalogs and other print pieces.

"How Stuff Works Express" their team begins work months in advance of each edition's publication date. Topics for articles are well-known and writers are assigned. Strict guidelines for word length and confidence on the custom graphics keep articles short, informative and entertaining. Editors help emphasis copy and keep the whole process moving.

Sample time machine concept drawing in pencil

Once the text is developed, graphics are then produced; nearly every illustration in “How Stuff Works Express” is established as original art exclusively for the magazine. Many "e-meetings" between the author, illustrator and director of design move the work from conceptual drawings to final art.

Final color drawing

Once each article has been written, edited and approved with final art, the pieces are sent electronically to the director of graphic design for page layout; the director determines what page a story will appear on, where the art will be in relation to words and in some publications, where advertising will appear. Every so often, there are difficult decisions to make about how best to fit the pieces of art and text into very limited space. As in the making of a movie, some materials have to be left on the "cutting room floor."

Lastly, after the layout of every page has been completed, edited and proofread, a digital "printer's file" is created for the entire document. It’s usually done by burning a CD, but can also be done with Zip files or File Transfer Protocol (FTP).

The Printing Process

There are nine main types of printing processes:

• offset lithography - what we are exploring in this article
• engraving - think fine stationery
• thermography - raised printing, used in stationery
• reprographics - copying and duplicating
• digital printing - limited now, but the technology is exploding
• letterpress - the original Guttenberg process (hardly done anymore)
• screen - used for T-shirts and billboards
• flexography - usually used on packaging, such as can labels
• gravure - used for huge runs of magazines and direct-mail catalogs

Offset lithography is the hard worker of printing. Almost every commercial printer does it, nonetheless the quality of the final product is often due to the guidance, expertise and equipment provided by the printer.

It works on a very simple principle: ink and water don't mix. The images (words and art) are put on plates, which are dampened first by water, then ink. The ink keeps to the image area, the water to the non-image area. Then the image is transferred to a rubber blanket, from the rubber blanket to paper. That's why the process is called "offset" -- the image doesn’t go directly to the paper from the plates, as it does in gravure printing.

Step One: Pre-press Production

Before the job is printed, the document must convert to film and "plates." In the case of “How Stuff Works Express”, film negatives produced from digital files. Images from the negatives transferred to printing plates in much the same way as photographs are developed. A measured sum of light is allowed to pass through the film negatives to expose the printing plate, when the plates are exposed to light, a chemical reaction occurs that allows an ink-receptive coating to be activated. This results in the transfer of the image from the negative to the plate.

Color negatives are "stripped" together for each page.

Different materials for plates, including paper (which produces a lower-quality product). The best plate material is aluminum, which is more costly.

A blue-line print is made from "stripped-up" negatives and is used to check image position before printing.

Each primary color -- black, cyan (blue), magenta (red), and yellow -- has a separate plate. Even though you see many, many colors in the finished product, only these four colors are used (you'll also hear this called the four-color printing process -- it's a little like the three-color process used in television).

Step Two: The Press Run

The printing process used to print “How Stuff Works Express” is called web offset lithography. The paper is fed through the press as one continuous stream, pulled from rolls of paper. Each roll can weigh as much as 2,000 pounds (1 ton). Paper is then cut to size after printing. Offset lithography can similarly be done with pre-cut paper in sheet fed presses.

Web presses print at very high speeds and use very large sheets of paper. Press speeds can reach up to 50,000 impressions per hour. An impression is equivalent to one full press sheet (38 inches x 22 and three-fourths inches), which is 12 pages of “How Stuff Works Express”.

Festoons are a series of rollers used to adjust tension before and after the splice from a small, fast-turning roll of paper to a large, slow-turning roll of paper.

When a 1-ton roll of paper runs out, the presses do not stop rolling; rolls can be spliced together as the web press is running by using festoons. Festoons are a series of rollers that extend up into a tower; a few seconds prior to the splice happening, the festoons will move up into the tower, pulling in large amounts of paper. Then the splice occurs, the rolls of paper stop rotating for a split second, at which point, the paper is taped together automatically. As the newly spliced roll begins to pick up speed, the festoons begin to drop out of the tower at a rate predetermined by the speed at which the press is operating. The press operator never has to adjust the press controls during this operation.

The press has to maintain a constant balance between the force required to move the paper forward and the amount of backpressure (conflict) that allows the paper to remain tight and flat while traveling through the equipment

The Inking Process

Ink and water do not mix -- this is the fundamental principle of offset lithography. The ink distributes to the plates through a series of rollers. On the press, the plates are dampen, first by water rollers, then the ink rollers. The rollers distribute the ink from the ink fountain onto the plates.

The Offset Process

The image area of the plate picks up ink from the ink rollers. The water rollers keep the ink off of the non-image areas of the plate, each of the plates then transfer its image to a rubber blanket, that in turn transfers the image to the paper. The plate itself doesn't actually touch the paper -- thus the term "offset" lithography. All of this happens at an extremely high speed.

Close-up of rollers. The top series of rollers transfers the yellow ink to the rubber "blanket" cylinder (bottom roller), and then to the paper that is passing horizontally under the "blanket."

The paper is left slightly wet by all of the ink and water that’s being applied. Obviously, there is a risk of the ink smudging; as the smudging is avoided by having the paper pass through an oven. The oven is gas fired, and the temperature inside runs at 350 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit (176 to 206 degrees Celsius).

Instantly after leaving the oven, the paper runs through a short series of large metal rollers that have refrigerated water flowing through them, these chill the rollers cool and the paper down instantly, setting the ink into the paper. If this wasn’t done, the ink would rub off on your fingers.

Color and Registration Control

This process is aided by the use of computers, registration is the alignment of the printing plates as they apply their respective colour portion of the image that is being printed. If the plates do not line up perfectly, the image will appear out of focus and the colour will be wrong. A computer takes a video image of registration marks, which have been placed on the press sheet, and each plate has its own individual mark. The computer reads each of these marks and makes adjustments to the position of each plate in order to achieve perfect alignment. All of this occurs many times per second while the press is running at full speed.

Colour control involves the way in which the ink blends together, and is tied closely to the plate registration. The amount of ink that’s released into the units depends on how much ink is needed to achieve a desired look, as the ink is adjusted via the control panel that is part of the overall control console (prior to being placed on the press) the plates are scanned and the facts is then transferred to a micro cassette. This serves as the "master" that directs the release of ink to pre-set values.

The paper is run through a long oven at about 375 degrees Fahrenheit (190 degrees Celsius). This dries (sets) the ink so it won't smudge.

The RCS (Register Control System) provides constant adjustment of the press. The computer works in concert with a strobe light and video camera to constantly process information about color registration. Incredibly small adjustments, measured in the 1,000ths of inches, are automatically made to the color rollers to ensure proper registration.

The web offset press that prints How Stuff Works Express is 115 feet long and weighs 500,000 lbs -- more than 150 Toyota Camrys! The process starts with a huge roll of paper that is fed through four banks of rollers. Each roller adds one color at a time, starting with black, then cyan (blue), magenta (red) and finally yellow.

Press speeds can run up to 50,000 impressions per hour.

Print quality is checked frequently by the press operator.

 Step Three: Bindery

Bindery is where the printed product is completed; the huge rolls of now-printed paper are cut and put together so that the pages fall in the correct order and the pages are also bound together, by staples or glue, in this step of the process.

The "stitcher" gathers, assembles and staples the magazines (called books) before they are sent for final trimming. This bank of 14 units can process about 9,000 books per hour!

In the case of "How Stuff Works Express", a machine called a stitcher takes the folded printed paper (called press signatures) and collates them together. Then stitches (staples) are inserted into the signatures, binding them together.

The final components in the stitcher machine are the knives, which trim the paper to the final delivered size. The product is then ready to be shipped to the end destination.

To consider and compare what these are like, and how they differ;

There are various differences between magazines and newspapers.
For example, in size, newspapers are usually larger than magazines unless the newspaper is of a tabloid-type. In appearance, magazines are more colorful and have more pictures, while newspapers appear dull and colorless.

The image is destined for a newspaper or a magazine, the resolution needs to be adjusted so the proper amount of ink is applied for the substrate used. Because the paper used for newsprint is more absorbent, there is more dot gain and less ink should be used. Magazines typically use a glossy paper and more ink is used. The image resolution for newspaper is 200 dpi and magazines is 300. E.g., the space I have to work with in my InDesign document is 6 3/8 x 6 3/4 inches. If I open the original image in Photoshop, you can see it is 14.4 w x 21.6 h at 240 ppi resolution.

To change the resolution from 240 to 300 since, as it’s going to be printed on glossy paper for the magazine. In Photoshop, go to the Image Size window, this can be found under the Image tab, uncheck the Resample Image, change the resolution to 300, and hit okay.

The Image Size window has to be open, then to click on the Resample Image box. Must keep the full width of the image, we will enter 6.375 in the width field of the document size. Making sure the chain link is activated so that the height adjusts proportionately along with the width. Note: the pixel dimension width is now 1913 pixels.

Next when the image is selected, check the Info Panel to make sure that the Actual PPI and Effective PPI are now in agreement and the image dimensions now say 1912 px wide by 2025 px high.

The difference between resolution for magazine and newspaper lies in the dot gain of the substrate, due to the paper used for newspapers is more permeable, the resolution for images for newsprint is 200 dpi. Using the same process as above, go into the Image Size window, uncheck Resample Image, change the resolution to 200 and hit okay. Go back into the Image Size window, check Resample Image, and change the image size width to 6.375 inches. The height will scale fairly to 6.75. After you place the image into the frame in your InDesign document, you will note in the Link Info panel the new pixel dimension and actual and effective PPI are in agreement for newspaper resolution.

Reviews

Newspaper

Aladdin – review
Jo Brand struggles in the pantomime mecca of SW19
New Wimbledon, London

-- 3 stars

Lyn Gardner

The Guardian,Tuesday 10 December 2013 19.18 GMT

The end of the District line in SW19 has always been a pantomime mecca with Arthur Askey, Tommy Cooper and Danny La Rue all appearing here. The best may be behind us, but in recent years Wimbledon has attracted a host of household names from Dame Edna Everage to David Hasselhoff and Pamela Anderson. Priscilla Presley even gave us her wicked stepmother in Snow White, a performance with enough oomph to suggest she might be treating the whole thing as an audition to play Lady Macbeth for the RSC.

Top of the bill this year is Jo Brand making her panto debut playing a grumpy Genie of the Ring. Brand's a wonderfully laconic comic, but she's not a natural panto star: her style is throwaway, downbeat and dry as tinder.

She doesn't project much warmth or fully engage with the audience so we feel as if we're all in on the joke together. Brand simply doesn't appear to be having a sufficiently good time herself to make us feel safe to have a good time in her presence.

Who can blame her with a script where the jokes are as lame as they are here? She must be inwardly wincing every time she opens her mouth. "Pure Shakespeare!" she declares at one point, raising her eyes heavenwards at something one of the other characters has said. You can't help feeling that it could be as much Brand talking as the Genie. A few ad libs may do the trick.

Otherwise it's pretty much business as usual in Old Peking. The wicked Abanazer (David Bedella, eminently hissable – and I mean that as a compliment) has found a secret document in an old Merton warehouse which details where to find an old lamp which will ensure him world domination and total control over the District line. Provided of course he can trick Aladdin into getting the lamp for him.

This annual event gets brighter, sparklier, cheesier and more slick with every year that passes until eventually they might well just dispense with the story and just show us the designs and the lovely cossies. This time round there's even pyrotechnics. No wonder that at first sight Peking appears to be covered in orange smog.

The script also ambushes that much under-rated and always reliable actor Matthew Kelly, who seems a mite underpowered here as a slightly off-colour Widow Twankey. Maybe the energy is going into the many costume changes. Fortunately when street dance troupe Flawless– standing in for the Old Peking police force – are on stage there's enough energy to suggest that Wimbledon has just been subject to a small, localised nuclear explosion. There's even a rather neat, modern LED take on the old panto tradition of UV lights that is delivered with real swagger to the almost uncontainable pleasure of the crowd. The forces of law and order have seldom been so cool and popular.

Over the past few years, Wimbledon has been the commercial London panto to beat, but for all the surface sparkle, the formula seems to be slightly losing its shine. There's still plenty to enjoy but perhaps it's time to exchange this old panto lamp for new.

http://www.theguardian.com/stage/stage+tone/reviews 

Magazine

Dead Rising 3

Review
New consoles may be all about the exclusive games available for them, but it was still a surprise when it emerged that Capcom’s much-loved zombie-genocide toy-box Dead Rising would be taking its next-gen bow solely on the Xbox One. Fortunately, it offers plenty in the form of bragging rights.

Initially, though, it doesn’t impress as much as you might have hoped. Visually, it’s not the next generation level you’d expect, with unconvincing textures and a general level of crispness that looks more Xbox 360 than Xbox One. But importantly, it really does feel like a next-gen game. Capcom has clearly put the main thrust of its efforts into what lies beneath the surface, coming up with a huge city, Los Perdidos (reminiscent of LA’s dodgier parts), which is jam-packed with zombies.

You play Nick Ramos, lowly mechanic. Frankly, he’s a bit gormless, but at least he’s good at building stuff – and that’s what Dead Rising 3 is all about. More or less anything you find can be turned into an implement for reducing zombies to random body parts and hunks of meat, as long as you find the right blueprints – a rake and a katana, say, or a sledgehammer and a circular saw. But the crafting extends to vehicles (a particularly satisfying means of dismembering hundreds of zombies in a few seconds flat) and even food – combinations of which can give you extra powers (Heston Blumenthal would approve).

The end result is a delicious zombie-playground: the biggest, most intense one you’ve ever seen. You’ll need to take your time: the main story is pretty short, but there are vast numbers of side-missions, survivors to rescue, zombie-killing challenges and collectibles, alongside an almost confusingly extensive levelling/upgrade system that becomes surprisingly addictive.

There’s loads of replay value, and you can play co-operatively online, or attempt the fearsome Nightmare mode when you’ve levelled up. Dead Rising 3 may not be the best-looking game, but it takes the irresistible business of zombie-despatching to whole new heights.

Reviewed by Steve Boxer

http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?GID=1015 

Venues

Newspaper

World Cup 2014 venues: Your guide to Brazil’s 12 stadiums - including the rebuilt Maracana
By David Kent

PUBLISHED:16:13, 4 December 2013| UPDATED:17:51, 6 December 2013

England have been handed a tricky draw for the World Cup next summer, starting off with a 2am game in Manaus against Italy.

The Three Lions also grace Sao Paulo and Belo Horizonte for the matches with Uruguay and Costa Rica respectively.

Here, Sportsmail looks at all 12 venues - with all the fixtures - Brazil has to offer.

CITY: Rio de Janeiro

STADIUM: Maracana (capacity 73,531)

HOME TO: Fluminense FC and CR Flamengo

The most iconic city in Brazil also includes arguably the most iconic stadium in world football. The Maracana was totally rebuilt especially for the World Cup. It officially reopened in June, when Brazil hosted England in a friendly. The stadium will host the final on July 13. With its carnival atmosphere, famous beaches and tourist attractions like Sugar Loaf Mountain and the Christ the Redeemer statue, Rio will be the most popular place to visit for fans. England have already confirmed that they will be based there for the tournament in the five-star Royal Tulip hotel.

MATCHES:

June 15, 2014 23:00 Argentina v Bosnia-Herzegovina - Group F
June 18, 2014 23:00 Spain v Chile - Group B
June 22, 2014 23:00 Belgium v Russia - Group H
June 25, 2014 21:00 Ecuador v France - Group E
June 28, 2014 21:00 Winner Group C v Runner-up Group D
July 4, 2014 21:00 Quarter-finals
July 13, 2014 20:00 Final

Focal point: The Maracana stadium has been redeveloped as the centrepiece of the World Cup in Brazil

Iconic: England opened the Maracana with a friendly against Brazil and the stadium will also host the final

Back in the day: The Maracana hosted the World Cup final in 1930 when 200,000 watched Uruguay beat Brazil

CITY: Sao Paulo

STADIUM: Arena Corinthians (capacity 65,000)

HOME TO: Corinthians

Serious doubts have emerged about the stadium which is due to host the opening match of the tournament after a crane collapsed on the site last week, killing two workers. Sao Paulo is the spiritual birthplace of football in Brazil, but its unpredictable weather may turn off visitors. The south-eastern city is known as the Terra da Garoa (Land of the Drizzle) because of the almost incessant rain that falls there. A bit like Brazil’s version of Manchester.

MATCHES:

June 12, 2014 21:00 Brazil v Croatia - Group A
June 19, 2014 20:00 Uruguay v England - Group D
June 23, 2014 17:00 Netherlands v Chile - Group B
June 26, 2014 21:00 Korea Republic v Belgium - Group H
July 1, 2014 17:00 Winner Group F v Runner-up Group E
July 9, 2014 21:00 Semi-Final

Troubled: The Arena Corinthians stadium in Sao Paulo is due to host the opening match of the World Cup

Tragedy: Two workers at the stadium were killed in November when it suffered a partial collapse

Plans: An artist's impression of Arena Corinthians which is due to host the opening game of the tournament

CITY: Brasilia

STADIUM: Estadio Nacional Mane Garrincha (capacity: 68,009)

HOME TO: Brasília Futebol Clube

Named after former Botafogo and Brazil star Garrincha, who become one of the country’s biggest sporting icons in the 1950s and 1960s, the new-build stadium hosted the opening match of the Confederations Cup. Brasilia is home to some of Brazil’s most impressive architecture. It replaced Rio as the country’s capital in 1960.

MATCHES:

June 15, 2014 17:00 Switzerland v Ecuador - Group E
June 19, 2014 17:00 Colombia v Ivory Coast - Group C
June 23, 2014 21:00 Cameroon v Brazil - Group A
June 26, 2014 17:00 Portugal v Ghana - Group G
June 30, 2014 17:00 Winner Group E v Runner-up Group F
July 5, 2014 17:00 Quarter-finals
July 12, 2014 21:00 Third place match

In the spotlight: Estadio Nacional Mane Garrincha is named after the Brazilian legend

CITY: Fortalez

STADIUM: Estadio Castelao (capacity: 58,704)

HOME TO: Ceara SC and Ferroviario AC

The stadium, which will host Brazil’s second group game, has been given a revamp over the last couple of years in preparation for the World Cup. Fortaleza, which is located in the north-east of the country, is the capital of the Ceara province. Fortaleza is famous for tourism, beautiful beaches, delicious seafood and a unique carnival, which will coincide with the tournament. The tropical temperatures soar beyond 30 degrees centigrade and the atmosphere will be muggy.

MATCHES:

June 14, 2014 20:00 Uruguay v Costa Rica - Group D
June 17, 2014 20:00 Brazil v Mexico - Group A
June 23, 2014 20:00 Germany v Ghana - Group G
June 24, 2014 21:00 Greece v Ivory Coast - Group C
June 29, 2014 17:00 Winner Group B v Runner-up Group A
July 4, 2014 21:00 Quarter-final

Revamp: The Estadio Castelao was used for the Confederations Cup last summer

CITY: Belo Horizonte

STADIUM: Estadio Mineirao (capacity: 57,483)

HOME TO: Cruzeiro Esporte Clube

Venue for one of the semi-finals, Belo Horizonte’s biggest stadium has undergone a complete overhaul since Brazil won the right to host the World Cup. Ronaldo used to grace the surface of the Mineirao when he started his career with Cruzeiro. Located just an hour’s flight from Rio, Belo Horizonte is a more affordable option for travelling fans. Temperatures will be in the mid-20s, and there will be little humidity.

MATCHES:

June 14, 2014 17:00 Colombia v Greece - Group C
June 17, 2014 17:00 Belgium v Algeria - Group H
June 21, 2014 17:00 Argentina v Iran - Group F
June 24, 2014 17:00 Costa Rica v England - Group D
June 28, 2014 17:00 Winner Group A v Runner-up Group B
July 8, 2014 21:00 Semi-final

Famous faces: Ronaldo used to play at the Mineirao Stadium during his spell with Cruzeiro

CITY: Porto Alegre

STADIUM: Estadio Beira-Rio (capacity: 48,849)

HOME TO: Sport Club Internacional

Located on the banks of the River Guaiba, the Estadio Beira-Rio is the home of two Brazilian clubs - Internacional and neighbours Gremio. Porto Alegre has a subtropical climate so take an umbrella if you go there next summer. One of Porto Alegre’s biggest attractions is the famous Lago de Patos (Ducks Lagoon), which is surrounded by one million trees.

MATCHES:

June 15, 2014 20:00 France v Honduras - Group E
June 18, 2014 17:00 Australia v Netherlands - Group B
June 22, 2014 17:00 Korea Republic v Algeria - Group H
June 25, 2014 17:00 Nigeria v Argentina - Group F
June 30, 2014 21:00 Winner Group G v Runner-up Group H

Early doors: Estadio Beira Rio will host three group games and a last 16 tie but will not be opened until April

CITY: Recife

STADIUM: Arena Pernambuco (capacity: 44,248)

HOME TO: Nautico

Recife, located on the north-eastern coast of Brazil, hosted a match the last time the World Cup took place in the country in 1950. Its newly-built stadium is the home of home to three historic Brazilian clubs - Nautico, Santa Cruz and Sport. The locals are football mad. Recife is the capital of the state of Pernambuco, and is often called ‘the capital of the north-east’ due to its importance to Brazil’s economy.

MATCHES:

June 14, 2014 23:00 Ivory Coast v Japan - Group C
June 20, 2014 17:00 Italy v Costa Rica - Group D
June 23, 2014 21:00 Croatia v Mexico - Group A
June 26, 2014 17:00 USA v Germany - Group G
June 29, 2014 21:00 Winner Group D v Runner-up Group C  

New arrival: Arena Pernambuco is home to Nautico and was newly built for the World Cup

CITY: Salvador

STADIUM: Arena Fonte Nova (capacity: 52,048)

HOME TO : EC Bahia and EC Vitoria

Salvador will host the draw on Friday and six games during the tournament. Organisers lauded the fact that the newly-built complex contains a panoramic restaurant, museum of football, shops, hotels and a concert hall. They were left a little red-faced, however, when part of the roof collapsed in May due to heavy rainfall. No injuries were reported. Salvador, in the north-east of the country, was Brazil’s first capital. It will be humid there in June and July.

MATCHES:

June 13, 2014 21:00 Spain v Netherlands - Group B
June 16, 2014 18:00 Germany v Portugal - Group G
June 20, 2014 21:00 Switzerland v France - Group E
June 25, 2014 18:00 Bosnia-Herzegovina v Iran - Group F
July 1, 2014 18:00 Winner Group H v Runner-up Group G
July 5, 2014 22:00 Quarter-final

Everything under one roof: Arena Fonte Nova will be next to a museum, shops and a restaurant

CITY: Cuiaba

STADIUM: Arena Pantanal (capacity: 42,968)

HOME TO: Cuiaba EC and Mixto EC

Especially built for the World Cup, the Arena Pantanal will host four matches during the tournament. Located in western Brazil, Cuiaba is just south of the Amazon rainforest, but it still retains a humid atmosphere so will feel muggy throughout the World Cup. Nicknamed the ‘Green City’ due to the vast national park that surrounds it, Cuiaba is popular with tourists, but they rarely visit in the Brazilian summer as temperatures can hit above 40 degrees centigrade.

MATCHES:

June 13, 2014 23:00 Chile v Australia - Group B
June 17, 2014 23:00 Russia v Korea Republic - Group H
June 21, 2014 23:00 Nigeria v Bosnia-Herzegovina- Group F
June 24, 2014 21:00 Japan v Colombia - Group C

Waiting game: Arena Pantanal is behind schedule but an artist's impression shows it's final state (below)

CITY: Manaus

STADIUM: Arena Amazonia (capacity: 42,374)

As the name of the stadium suggests, Manaus is located bang in the middle of the Amazon rainforest. Manaus is hardly a hotbed of football, but organisers felt it was important to take the World Cup to all four corners of the country despite fears the stadium will become a white elephant once the tournament ends. Humidity can reach 99 per cent during June and July.

HOME TO: Nacional FC, Fast Club and Rio Negro

MATCHES:

June 14, 2014 02:00 England v Italy - Group D
June 18, 2014 20:00 Cameroon v Croatia - Group A
June 22, 2014 20:00 USA v Portugal - Group G
June 25, 2014 21:00 Honduras v Switzerland - Group E  

Under construction: Arena Amazonia is not yet complete with the World Cup seven months away

CITY: Natal

STADIUM: Estadio das Dunas (capacity: 42,086)

Completely rebuilt just for the World Cup, the Estadio das Dunas’ most remarkable feature is its roof, which is designed in the shape of petals. Four group matches will be played there next summer. Natal is proudly known as Cidade do Sol (Sun City) thanks to an annual average of 28 degrees centigrade. The beaches in the north-eastern city are some of the best in the country.

HOME TO: America FC

MATCHES:

June 13, 2014 17:00 Mexico v Cameroon - Group A
June 16, 2014 23:00 Ghana v USA - Group G
June 19, 2014 23:00 Japan v Greece - Group C
June 24, 2014 17:00 Italy v Uruguay - Group D   

All change: Estadio das Dunas was completely rebuilt with a unique petal roof for the World Cup

CITY: Curitiba

STADIUM: Arena da Baixada (capacity: 41,456)

The Arena da Baixada was originally constructed in 1914, but underwent refurbishment in 1999 and once more when Brazil were chosen as World Cup hosts. The second-most southerly city of the 12 venues behind Porto Alegre, Curitiba has 1.8 million inhabitants. It is one of the biggest economic hubs in Brazil. It has a similar climate to Rio and Belo Horizonte, with temperatures expected to reach the mid-20s, and there will be next to no humidity either.

HOME TO: Atletico Paranaense

MATCHES:

June 16, 2014 20:00 Iran v Nigeria - Group F
June 20, 2014 23:00 Honduras v Ecuador - Group E
June 23, 2014 17:00 Australia v Spain - Group B
June 26, 2014 21:00 Algeria v Russia - Group H

Behind the times: Work on the Arena da Baixada was suspended in October but is due to host four games

  

 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2518090/World-Cup-2014-venues--Brazil-Stadium-Guide.html

Magazine

18 March 2013 by Hattie Brett

"Here's How Our Conversation When Choosing A Wedding Venue Went... (Clue: It Was Tough)"

You’ve done the easy bit (said yes whilst he’s on bended knee) but, if my experience is anything to go by after pretty much an hour of wow-omg-tears-this-is-mentalness you and your fiancée are embroiled in a tortuous discussion about wedding reception venues. Mine went like this:

Me: Let’s get married in the Bahamas. By the grumpy but amazing shop-keeper Vernon who also happens to be a pastor. Bonus: it wouldn’t rain. 

Him: But it takes 24 hours, three planes and a boat to get there. Your best friend will have just had a baby. And your grandma’s 93.

Me: Ok, so it’s got to be England then. But I want it to be somewhere that at least means something to us, rather than just a random hotel or whatever.

Him: How about Oxford then, where we met? [Cue 30 minutes and £45 of 3G usage from the Indian wildlife park where he proposed.]

Me: Hmmm, it either reminds me of puking up at someone’s 21st on a dance-floor or doing final exams in a Harry Potter-esque hall, neither of which are very fun. (For the record though, if you are looking for Oxford wedding venue options and haven’t got drunk/done exams there, may I recommend the Cherwell Boat House or theBodleian Library).

Him (not yet exasperated): Ok, then London. You grew up in North London, and now we live together South. Plus it means people can get the tube home. Cheap. [Out comes the iPad again].

Me: Wow, weddings are expensive in London. And yes, I grew up in North London but we’re talking Camden, notClaridges. Or the Tower of London. (Yes, this is a serious wedding venue option, people. And it comes with free Beefeaters).

Him (now a bit exasperated): Gloucestershire? We love your parents house there and it’s close to my family in Bristol. Plus, super chilled.

Me: Would have to be Cripps Barn then. The most-stereotypically beautiful Cotswolds barn but so in the middle of nowhere you can make as noise as you want.

And that’s how we came to be getting married here – a place that I’ve always loved and that’s pretty enough for a wedding but fun enough for a party. I’m not sure what that proves other than when you’re planning your venue, talk it out and explore all options. Just preferably not when using 3G from a foreign country.

http://www.graziadaily.co.uk/BrideChores/heres-how-our-conversation-when-choosing-a-wedding-venue-went--clue--it-was-tough- 

The difference between newspapers venues that they speak about and the venues magazines speak about, is very textual. You must look in details towards the text, above I gave two examples, magazines speak has if they are in a conversation, where as newspaper speak formal and with data to back-up their proof.

Artists/band focus

How do they advertise the artists / bands?

Newspaper

Newspapers refer more to the review side of things or indulging into the lives of the artists/bands, there way of advertising is more headlining a point of view. That's the advertisement artists and bands get these days;

These days news with music is more to mock them or to send criticism  in what artists or bands do

or they praise the artists that the people love, its way for newspaper to gain more of an audience and to look like the good guys, instead of making up bad information of beyonce (which the public would be distort about) they comment on the good reality she really does live. However, most newspaper lie and portray good people to be bad.

They also tend to inform the readers by creating articles on; Interviews, Reviews and even some in-depth cultured articles about certain musicians in there activities that they do globally.

Former Pink Floyd frontman sparks fury by comparing Israelis to Nazis

Religious leaders react angrily to Roger Waters' latest outspoken attack on treatment of Palestinians

Vanessa Thorpe and Edward Helmore in New York
The Observer, Saturday 14 December 2013 17.12 GMT

Roger Waters said the parallels between Israel and Germany in the 1930s were 'crushingly obvious'. Photograph: Rex

Inflammatory remarks by the musician Roger Waters, formerly of Pink Floyd, comparing the modern Israeli state to Nazi Germany have put him at the centre of a furious dispute.

Performers and religious figures reacted angrily to the veteran rock star's argument that Israeli treatment of the Palestinians can be compared to the atrocities of Nazi Germany. "The parallels with what went on in the 1930s in Germany are so crushingly obvious," he said in an American online interview last week.

Waters, 70, a well-known supporter of the Palestinian cause, has frequently defended himself against accusations that he is antisemitic, claiming he has a right to urge fellow artists to boycott Israel.

This summer he was criticised for using a pig-shaped balloon adorned with Jewish symbols, including a Star of David, as one part of the stage effects at his concerts. Waters countered that it was just one of several religious and political symbols in the show and not an attempt to single out Judaism as an evil force.

READ MORE: http://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/dec/14/pink-floyd-frontman-fury-israel-nazis

Magazine

Magazine gossip about artists and bands, about their day to day lives, that's the biggest advertisement some of these artists get. If the lead singer of the band has a new girlfriend? - makes the band less interesting for viewers. If the artist or band has commit a crime? - audience are upset and get angry.

Lostprophets announce breakup, band split after year of 'heartache'

Lostprophets have announced that they are to split after 15 years as a band. The announcement comes ahead of frontman Ian Watkins' trial next month for a string of 23 alleged sexual offences dating from 2007.

The rest of the band released the following statement via their official facebook page:

"To our fans:

After nearly a year of coming to terms with our heartache, we finally feel ready to announce publicly what we have thought privately for some time. We can no longer continue making or performing music as Lostprophets. Your love and support over the past 15 years has been tremendous, and we'll be forever grateful for all you've given us. As we look forward to the next phase of our lives, we can only hope to be surrounded by people as devoted and inspiring as you guys have been.

Jamie, Lee, Luke, Mike, and Stu"

http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2013/10/lostprophets_announce_breakup.html

Magazine produce, I find, the strongest advertisement of all, it's all gossip and rumors (chit-chat) that people believe because "someone said so".

Ambulance Called to Justin Bieber House Party, Unconscious Female Reported

by Hilton Hater at December 14, 2013 2:40 pm

Authorities were once again called to Justin Bieber's mansion in Calabasas last night.

A few weeks after neighbors phoned the cops three times due to excessive noise from a party at the singer's home, sources confirm to TMZ that a member of Bieber's security team called 911 around 3 a.m. because an unidentified female had passed out.
Paramedics were dispatched to the premises, but called off 15 minutes later after being told someone was taking the 20-year old woman to the hospital.

The woman, reportedly, ended up regaining consciousness and going home instead of to the hospital.

- See more at: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/12/ambulance-called-to-justin-bieber-house-party-unconscious-female/

They care less about the music and more about the musician lives and what they get too...

Miley Cyrus Censors Own Boobs, Posts Festive Holiday Photo

by Hilton Hater at December 15, 2013 8:41 am.

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Miley Cyrus is working hard to free her nipples.But they remain under photoshopped wraps in the singer's new Christmas photo.

Cyrus, who is taking part in a campaign titled Free the Nipple that challenges censorship laws in the the United States, posted the following photo to Twitter yesterday and included with it a caption that reads:

"Merry Christmas THANK YOU NY for being one of the few states to @freethenipple."

Cyrus, of course, ditched her her Hannah Montana-based image a long time ago and has been bordering on NC-17 throughout 2013.

The artist has attended a number of public events in see-through outfits, rode around on a wrecking ball in her birthday suit and posed for Terry Richardson topless, with her private area very cleanly shaved.
And Miley can at least take solace in this: there's no need to start a Free the Tongue campaign. Hers is pretty much set to Full Time Wag status.

- See more at: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/12/miley-cyrus-censors-own-boobs-posts-festive-holiday-photo/

Publicity? Advertised? 

Publicity is the attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject and these subjects of publicity include people (for example, politicians and performing artists), goods and services, organizations of all kinds, and works of art or entertainment.

It's the act of attracting the medias attention and gaining visibility with the public, it necessarily needs the compliment of the media, as it cannot be done internally due to its requirements. As the attention of the publicist and it is the publicist that carries out publicity while PR is the strategic management function that helps an organization communicate, establish and maintain relation with the important audiences, it can be done internally without the use of media.

From a marketing perspective, publicity is a component of promotion, which is the component of marketing. The other elements of the promotional mix are advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing and personal selling. Examples of tactics include:
• Art exhibitions
• event sponsorship
• Arrange a speech or talk
• Make an analysis or prediction
• Conduct a poll or survey
• Issue a report
• Take a stand on a controversial subject
• Arrange for a testimonial
• Announce an appointment
• Invent then present an award
• Stage a debate
• Organize a tour of your business or projects
• Issue a commendation

The advantages of publicity are low costs, and credibility (particularly if the publicity is aired in between news stories like on evening TV news casts). New technologies such as; weblogs, web cameras, web affiliates, and convergence (phone-camera posting of pictures and videos to websites) are changing the cost-structure. The disadvantages are the lack of control over how your releases will be used, and frustration over the low percentage of releases that are taken up by the media.

It draws on several key themes including birth, love, and death. 

These are of particular interest because they are themes in human lives which feature heavily throughout life. In television serials several couples have emerged during crucial ratings and important publicity times, as a way to make constant headlines. Also known as a publicity stunt, the pairings may or may not be according to the fact.

"Publicity is not merely an assembly of competing messages: it is a language in itself which is always being used to make the same general proposal," writes the art critic John Berger. "It proposes to each of us that we transform ourselves, or our lives by buying something more.

The theory, Any press is good press, has been coined to describe situations where bad behavior by people involved with an organization or brand has actually resulted in positive results, due to the fame and press coverage accrued by such events.

Advertising in business is a form of marketing communication used to encourage, manipulate, or persuade an audience (which are the; viewers, readers or listeners; sometimes a specific group). Normally, the desired result is to drive the consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering, however the political and ideological advertising is also common and this type of work belongs to a category called effective labor.

The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is successful and the advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial, radio advertisement, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as blogs, websites or text messages.

Advertising is at the front of delivering the proper message to customers and prospective customers, making sure that the convince customers that a company's services or products are the best; enhance the image of the company, and point out and create a need for products or services, make sure to demonstrate new uses for established products, and has announced new products and programs, reinforce the salespeople's individual messages, draw customers to the business, and to most importantly hold existing customers.

Types of advertising

Any medium can be used for advertising. 

Commercial advertising media can include; 

-- wall paintings, 

--- billboards, 

-- street furniture components, 

--- printed flyers and rack cards, 

-- radio, 

--- cinema and television adverts, 

-- web banners, 

--- mobile telephone screens, 

-- shopping carts, 

--- web popups, 

-- skywriting, 

--- bus stop benches, 

-- human billboards and forehead advertising, 

--- magazines, 

-- newspapers, 

--- town criers, 

-- sides of buses, 

--- banners attached to or sides of airplanes ("logojets"), 

-- in-flight advertisements on seat-back tray tables or overhead storage bins, 

--- taxicab doors, 

-- roof mounts and passenger screens, 

--- musical stage shows, 

-- subway platforms and trains,

--- elastic bands on disposable diapers, 

-- doors of bathroom stalls, 

--- stickers on apples in supermarkets, 

-- shopping cart handles (grabertising), 

--- the opening section of streaming audio and video, 

-- posters, 

--- the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. 

Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.

Press advertising describes advertising in a printed medium form such as a newspaper, magazine, or trade journal. This encompasses everything from media with a very broad readership base, such as a major national newspaper or magazine, to more narrowly targeted media such as local newspapers and trade journals on very specialized topics. 

A form of press advertising is classified advertising, this allows private individuals or companies to purchase a small, narrowly targeted advert for a low fee advertising, lets say a product or service. Another form of press advertising is the Display Ad, which is a larger ad (that can include art) this typically runs within an article section of a newspaper.

Expense of Newspaper printing

This video, describes the process of printing a newspaper:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=M6VlDgH-Bzg 

When watching this video, it shows how incredibly expensive process it is. There’s so may costs, such as:

 the raw newsprint, the cost of the press, the plate-making equipment, the conveyors, and all the people who make the machinery go. The total cost, is within this article takes a stab at it for the New York Times:

Printing The NYT Costs Twice As Much As Sending Every Subscriber A Free Kindle
Breakdown of costs per year:- Raw materials (newsprint, ink, etc.) – $230 million
- Labor running the presses and delivering the paper – $414 million
- Total $644 million (estimate)

The breakdown does not include the cost of the presses, the buildings housing the presses, the warehouses, the electricity, the trucks and fuel, etc... which means the number is probably far below the real total cost. It could, potentially, cost $1 billion dollars per year to print and ship the New York Times (maybe even more.)
The point of the article is to say that the Times is spending at least 600 dollars per subscriber per year, and potentially a 1,000 dollars per year or more, because of paper delivery. And for that amount of money, the Times could cut its cost of distribution by more than half, if it bought every subscriber a Kindle and distributed the paper electronically. The Times might save half a billion dollars a year by doing that. 

The article’s conclusion:

What we’re trying to say is that as a technology for delivering the news, newsprint isn’t just expensive and inefficient; it’s laughably so.

Apparently the industry is getting the message, so we see articles like this:

- Hearst to launch a wireless e-reader
- Hearst developing e-reader, charging for e-news

According to industry insiders, publishes magazines ranging from Cosmopolitan to Esquire and newspapers including the financially imperiled San Francisco Chronicle, has developed a wireless e-reader with a large-format screen suited to the reading and advertising requirements of newspapers and magazines. This device and underlying technology, other publishers will be allowed to adapt, is likely to debut this year.

It's interesting that, in this 1947 vocational film, it stated that “printing now ranks 4th among the nation’s great industries.” In a couple of years, much of that industry may be gone:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=bPCiWiLu-W4 

http://blogs.howstuffworks.com/2009/03/02/interesting-the-incredible-cost-of-printing-the-newspaper/

Expense of Magazine printing

When starting out with an idea for a magazine, you want something that will be quick figures, on the probable cost of doing a print version. However, most printers want an in-depth description of the magazine before they quote. At that time, a quick reference up on the 'net could mull the 'rough' figures before getting into more trouble by requesting quotes. So the provided figures have ended up with, these figures that are just an average of the quotes received, and are particular towards costings, which could change dramatically over time (e.g. if ink, paper or postage costs changed). They are provided just for informational purposes, and before making any decisions always consult a professional.
The figures are for an 80 page, 4-color magazine on #60 paper, with a glossy #100 cover. 

This will give the rough 'setup' cost, followed by the per 1000 cost - in that way, making it likely to be able to get a rough estimate of the cost of the print run. Obviously, via the economies of scale, the more copies printed the less cost per copy. An estimate is difficult to give out on different page counts. However, for most magazines between 60 and 100 pages, probably just do the relevant percentage adjustment on the per 1000 cost and get something close to the mark.

This is the breakdown of the costs (all in US DOLLARS):

Pre-press:      Up-front=$2500, per 1000=$0
Paper:            Up-front=$2500, per 1000=$300
Ink:                Up-front=$200, per 1000=$25
Printing:        Up-front=$3500, per 1000=$60
Binding:        Up-front=$400, per 1000=$35
Mailing:         Up-front=$0, per 1000=$35

In total, the up-front cost from above is $9100, with $455 per 1000 copies on top of that. This gives a perfect illustration of the 'economies of scale' that are mentioned above. 

For 2000 copies, the cost is roughly $10000, that equates to $5 per copy (a little difficult to turn a profit on) but, for 10000 copies, the cost is roughly $13500 ($1.35 per copy), and for 20000 copies it is $18000 ($0.90 per copy).

Noting that all are just the production costs of publishing a magazine - that there could be all sorts of expenses; not included above, from paying writers and illustrators, to the management of subscriber lists. On the other hand, hopefully the figures above give some entry level view of the costs of printing a magazine, and also an understanding that to be successful it really is helpful to have a substantial audience right from the beginning.